Sun Tzus The Art of War Essay -- Sun Tzu Art War Essays

Sun Tzu's The Art of War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The translation of the â€Å"Sun Tzu: The Art of War† ancient Chinese text has been given by many different writers. Samuel B. Griffith, Brigadier General, retired, U.S. Marine Corps; is a proven strategist that studied the English commandoes war fighting skills as a Captain. As a Major, Griffith was hand picked to serve as Executive Officer under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Merritt Edson of the 1st Raider Battalion, one of the battalions that perfected the amphibious landings during World War II. Samuel B. Griffith gives his in-depth study on â€Å"Sun Tzu: The Art of War† and how Mao Tse-tung used the strategies and teachings of Sun Tzu while commanding the Red Army of China. Griffith’s translation of Sun Tzu’s work is written in three parts: Introduction, Translation, and Appendix. PART 1: INTRODUCTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his first chapter of his study titled The Author, Griffith gives many different possibilities as to who the actual author of the writings is. Griffith sites many theories from other sources trying to validate the origin of the author, but settles on one basic theory for the text. The Art of War was written by a single author probably around the time of the Warring States and during the periods from 400-320 B.C. (p. 11) Furthermore, Griffith states that there is not enough evidence to positively say if a person named Sun Tzu actually wrote the book or if it was written as a tribute to him, and the case of the authorship remains unsettled.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second chapter, The Text, of Griffith’s study focuses on the text itself. There has been debate about how many chapters were originally in â€Å"The Art of War†: Eighty-Two or Thirteen. (p. 13) Griffith gives a sound theory that the current thirteen chapters were the only writings. Based on copywriting errors, the eighty-two chapters were probably written into thirteen categories (or chapters) while trying to transcribe written work onto paper from silk or wood. Griffith also asserts that the text was used for entry-level war fighting studies in early Chinese military academies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Warring States is the subject and title of Griffith’s third chapter, which gives an enlightening look at the life and times in China after the defeat of the rule of Chin at Ching Yang in 453. (p. 20) The country was divided into eight individual warring sects (with the exception of Yen... ...g for you. An expendable agent is given false information on purpose. And a living agent is one that returns to the commander with information. PART III: Appendix   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Griffith’s study also includes four different appendixes. The first is A Note from Wu Ch’I, the second is titled Sun Tzu’s Influence on Japanese Military Thought, the third is Sun Tzu in Western Languages, and the fourth appendix is Brief Biographies of the Commentators.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Samuel B. Griffith’s translation of â€Å"Sun Tzu: The Art of War† is an inside look at military practices of today. I did not find one technique that is not or would not be utilized in modern military maneuver, leadership, or training. The most astounding fact is that the Art of War was written well over two thousand years ago, even at the most conservative date. Although most of the techniques in this text are already in practice today, the value of â€Å"The Art of War† is a never-ending treasure chest of knowledge, and it deserves a place as a required reading for anyone seeking knowledge about war fighting or the history of war. Works Cited Sun Tzu: The Art of War, Ed. By Samuel B. Griffith (New York:Oxford University Press, 1963)

“Everyman” and “Doctor Faustus” Essay

Both Everyman and Doctor Faustus are plays. They are written within different time Periods, with Everyman written in the medieval era and Doctor Faustus written in the Renaissance. Everyman and Doctor Faustus are both Morality Plays, these are specifically plays that existed within the Medieval period. They were popular during this period as they were intended to instruct the audience in the Christian way and attitudes to life. The morality play is essentially an allegory written in dramatic form. In the fourteenth Century, morality plays were mainly based on the seven deadly sins as in Everyman with each character representing each sin. Everyman centers around allegory. It focuses on the allegorical representations of moral issues with the inclusion of figures that represent abstractions of the issues that are confronted. Doctor Faustus follows the general five-act structure of an Elizabethan Romantic Tragedy. However Christopher Marlowe used the structure of an older Medieval form of English Drama, the morality play as a model. Morality plays tended to show the moral struggle of mans soul and the conflict of good and evil. This is evident in the play of Doctor Faustus who is embroiled in a battle between the temptation of the devil and God. You could argue that Doctor Faustus is not classed as a morality play. Because in the tradition of a morality play God and the devil are external forces that affect the individual. However, in Doctor Faustus it is far more of an internal drama inside Faustus’ own mind. Both are entirely didactic in nature, they were made with the intent to educate their audience in one respect or another. There was a moral to each that conveyed similar messages. Therefore the term ‘morality play’ correctly defines each one. The medieval time period in which Everyman was written contained a society that revolved around religion (Ecclesiasticism) The fact that Everyman can get nowhere without turning to religion directly reflects on the attitudes of the middle ages. There is constant references to the beliefs and ideas of the Catholic Church such as confession, penitence and the Virgin Mary this suggests the catholic centered society in which the play existed. It concentrates on the qualities of the catholic religion that are important in the journey to heaven. Everyman is a symbol of the human condition and how it is understood by medieval Catholicism. Whereas in the sixteenth century in which Doctor Faustus was written, saw a shift of Christian ideals. No longer was there only the strict belief in God but also the equal belief in the existence of the devil and the â€Å"work of the devil.† The medieval world placed God at the centre of existence, leaving the individual and the natural world in second place. The emergence of the Renaissance is evident in Doctor Faustus by the clash between the church and the introduction of knowledge through science. The Reformation caused a dramatic change at that particular time, England had converted from predominantly catholic to a protestant country. This shift becomes apparent in Doctor Faustus in the scenes with the Pope. The Renaissance was also a time when the bubonic plague was at its peak of destruction. As a result the plague was a great concern of the theatre, audiences and writers. The plague was a large part of Marlowe’s life and work. Marlowe refers to the plague regularly in Doctor Faustus with examples such as â€Å"A Plague on her.† Here Marlowe is using speci fic language to reflect certain aspect of the precise period, being Reformation. When considering the audience of each play, this can again create disagreement concerning the meaning of the term ‘morality play.’ Morality plays, as I have mentioned like Everyman, primarily express aspects of moral doctrine to the audience. In the Play Everyman, the anonymous author may have been a priest or teacher who was explaining the Christian values to an uneducated society. It is written by and for people of catholic religion. This would fit accurately into the description as a ‘morality play.’ However, some may argue that Doctor Faustus is more comically delivered as opposed to morally. Elizabethan audiences often viewed great tragedies such as this in a slightly humorous manner. Scenes such as the one with the Pope’s food and drink being stolen highlights this point. Also Marlowe includes numerous comical characters such as Wagner and Faustus’ servant. Therefore can we still group this together with the other morality plays such as Doctor Faustus? Contrary to this, it is clear that the audience of the play Doctor Faustus are not simply an audience of ‘Commoners or clowns,’ they have to employ a certain level of intelligence and education to understand the symbolism and al legory present in the play. We can acknowledge the play of Doctor Faustus as one from the Elizabethan period as its verbs differ from modern day usage, with phrases such as â€Å"What see you?† and â€Å"You look not well.† Also Elizabethan playwrights wrote in blank verse or iambic pentameter, as its evident here. Marlowe uses various Christian phrases to summon the devil, who is providing the power. The most obvious reference to Christian language is shown through Faustus’ Latin Chant which is used to raise the devil. Marlowe’s technique of hyperbole is demonstrated by his regular usage of blasphemy in the play. By using exaggeration like this, Marlowe is affecting the audience’s perception of the character of Faustus. The language used gives the character heroic stature. Contrast to Doctor Faustus, The language in Everyman is solely based on religion. There is reference to the original sinner Adam and the seven deadly sins, this mainly focuses on the notions of Christianity. The language used in both Everyman and Doctor Faustus represents the conflict between power and Christianity. In conclusion, Marlowe borrows many of the conventions of a morality play especially with the inclusion of the good and bad angels. This symbolizes his divided will. This is mirrored in the play Everyman where there is an obvious spiritual crisis of an individual who must chose between good and evil. Both Everyman and Doctor Faustus effectively reflect the periods in which they were written. Faustus is the product of an era that was deeply torn, it stands in the threshold between two periods-The Renaissance and the Middle Ages. It includes the notions of Good and evil, sin and salvation, as did religious dramas of the medieval period such as Everyman. Although some may see this comparison as the rejection of the medieval due to further emphasis on the individual rather than God. After all, the opening scene of Doctor Faustus was praising science and magic in favour of God. So where do we draw the line? Everyman statically reflects the period of medieval whereas Doctor Faustus focuses on the actual change in that particular period of the Reformation. Therefore it is possible to see the alteration from one period to another. Bibliography ‘Doctor Faustus’-Christopher Marlowe ‘Norton Anthology of English Literature’ Oxford Dictionary Online ‘LION’- http://lion.chadwyck.co.uk http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Texts/faustus.html (3/12/03) http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/doctorfaustus/ (5/12/03) http://www.miracleplayers.org/everyman/play.htm (15/12/03) http://www.luminarium.org/medlit/intro.htm (17/12/03)

Aileen Wuornos Essay - 3375 Words

Aileen Carol Wuornos: The Life of a Serial Killer â€Å"I robbed them, and I killed them as cold as ice, and I would do it again, and I know I would kill another person because Ive hated humans for a long time.† (Wuornos, 1999-2010) These words came from Aileen Wuornos after she was arrested for the murders of seven men during the course of a year. She faced numerous adversities from early childhood through adulthood. She displayed many psychological warning signs, but none was attended too regardless of her outcries. The course of this paper will outline her upbringing, lifestyle choice, psychological warning signs, psychological disorders, course of treatment that could have been undertaken before the killing spree commenced. To†¦show more content†¦They found themselves on the street again and Aileen began earning a living by prostituting herself for money. Overall, her lifestyle only escalated as she hitchhiked in Michigan where she grew up and participated in drinking, drugs, partying and prostitution. She deci ded that she would leave and hitchhike her way on up to Colorado where she continued the same lifestyle. In the midst of the horrible, unethical lifestyle, she was informed that her grandfather had committed suicide in his garage. I can only speculate that she felt alone in the world and needed to fill that void. So as she was â€Å"Hitchhiking across America, Wuornos arrived in Florida and was presented with a potentially life-changing piece of luck: she met wealthy yacht club president, 69-year old Lewis Fell, who fell in love with her, and they were married in 1976. Wuornos soon reverted to type, however, and began fighting in bars, and was sent to jail for assault as a result. Fell was horrified; a brawling bride had no place in his high-society lifestyle, and he had the marriage annulled after a few months.† (Aileen Wuornos, 2008) Additionally, Aileen also received word that her brother Keith had passed due to throat cancer. She was not only devastated, but also alone in the world since he was the only loyal person by her side. As she had done in the past, she resorted back to her heavy drinking and life of prostitution. Aileen received ten thousand dollars from her bothersShow MoreRelated Aileen Wuornos Essay553 Words   |  3 Pagesto seek out their own heinous form of release. Often considered America’s first female serial killer, Aileen Wuornos was neither first nor the worst. She had been suspected of committing at least seven murders and was sentenced to four of cases she had confessed to police. All the while, she maintained her innocence claiming that some or all of the killings were in self-defense. Born Aileen Carol Pittman on February 29, 1956 to Diane Pratt and Leo Pittman in Rochester Michigan (Osborn, 2009)Read MoreAileen Wuornos - Essay5419 Words   |  22 PagesAileen Wuornos Criminal Justice 1010 Introduction to Criminal Justice Mrs. Amanda Gentle Sarah Dean December 7, 2009 Riding the Pale Horse of Death, Aileen Wuornos murdered seven men over a nineteen-month period from December 1989 until November 1990, along highways in the state of Florida. While working as a prostitute, Aileen would solicit her victims then murder them. Wuornos confessed to committing seven murders. Aileen Wuornos was found guilty and convicted of six murders. Aileen receivedRead MoreThe Secret Life Of Aileen Wuornos:. A Women Serial Killer1954 Words   |  8 PagesThe Secret life of Aileen Wuornos: A Women Serial Killer A basic serial killer is a murderer of two or more victims at different times. There are several types of serial killers. The wildest category would be the Thrill- seekers. Thrill-seekers are known for being fearless of danger, having no remorse for their murders, irrational attitude, and impulsive behavior. They seem to enjoy the adrenaline rush they get when they kill and gain pleasure from doing it. The victims are usually strangersRead MoreThe Case Of Serial Killer Aileen Wuornos1145 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract In discussion of the case of serial killer Aileen Wuornos, the attachment and life course theories can be applied. Ms. Wuornos was neglected and abused by her guardians multiple times, which led her to a life of criminal activity. She began with small-scale crimes at an early age and eventually escalated to murder. This paper explores how the attachment theory played a major part in the life (and death) of a serial killer and how many lives could have been saved had Aileen’s circumstancesRead MoreEssay on Psychological Look at Aileen Wuornos1224 Words   |  5 PagesProfile: Aileen Wuornos Nature vs. Nurture: Aileen was born in 1956 to her 16 year old mother. She was not born with any physical or mental disabilities. At the time of her birth her father was incarcerated for child molestation and he was also believed to be a schizophrenic, he hung himself in jail and Aileen never met him. When Aileen was 3 years old her mother abandoned her and her 4 year old brother and left them with her own parents who legally adopted them. The family struggled economicallyRead MoreEssay on Aileen Wuornos2768 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿Hannah Velez FLM 400 Final Paper Aileen Wuornos: The Dark Tale of One Woman’s Descent into Infamy When did it all begin? Technically, Aileen became a murderer on December 1, 1989 when 51-year-old electrics shop owner Richard Mallory picked her up on I-75 (8) and together they drove off into the woods to meet an uncertain fate. But when did the murderous creature that is Aileen Wuornos come to be? She began prostituting herself as age 9 (5), without so much as an assault charge related to herRead MoreAileen Wuornos1416 Words   |  6 PagesThe Life and Death of Aileen Wuornos De’Serra Whitfield Troy University Abstract This research looks at the life and death of Aileen Wuornos, serial killer. A serial killer is someone who murders more than three victims one at a time in a relatively short interval. Serial killers have the ability to behave in a manner that arouses no suspicion. There are, however, a few signs to identify their potential to become a serial killer. People who suffers from psychopathy, involves a huge tendencyRead MoreAileen Wuornos Case Analysis1932 Words   |  8 PagesThe following criminal analysis shows why Aileen Wuornos was convicted for the murder of six men and what lead up to these actions. These actions were not in self-defense, but out of cold blood. This profile will analyze the following: what lead up to the murder of these men, what Wuornos’s intents were, the evidence and patterns, her personality and characteristics, and her behavior. These facts and evidence will show Wuornos’s intent and motive, and whether or not she was insane. This woman wasRead MoreLife And Death Of A Serial Killer1092 Words   |  5 Pagesviewing the film â€Å"Life and Death of a Serial Killer† starring one of America’s first female serial killers, Aileen Wuornos; I began to wonder why do individuals become serial killers? What is so special about committing murders and what causes the urge, thrill and the desire to kill? What exactly is the reason behind it all? These questions constantly cross my mind. After learning about Aileen Wuornos childhood, I concluded that her upbringing was one factor that drove her to become a serial killer. Read MoreThe First American Female Serial Killer3507 Words   |  15 Pagesperson I am going to analyse in this assignment is Aileen ‘Lee’ Carol Wuornos who was considered to be the first American female serial killer (Anon., 2015). Wuornos was born on February 29th 1956 in Rochester Michigan (Anon., 2015). Her father, Leo Dale Pittman was an alleged child molester and her mother Diane Wuornos was a teen mother who was not capable of taking up the responsibilities that came about with being a mother (Anon., 2015). Wuornos’ mother abandoned both her and her brother when they

The Fundamental Objectives Of Modern Ethic Committees

Delivering medical care is a two way street. Families rely on the hospital physicians and the care team to understand their desire for their love ones to receive care that is not biased, or prejudiced in any way. On the other hand, hospitals have a desire for families to understand their guidelines, policies, and laws that guide their efforts in caring for patients. When physicians cannot reach an agreed upon resolution in care between all parties involved (patient/surrogate, caregiver, or clinician) the use of the ethical committee is efficient (University of Washington School of Medicine, 2013). The fundamental objectives of modern ethic committees are; to encourage rights of patients, promote shared decision-making between patients,†¦show more content†¦The Use of the Ethical Committee The use of the ethical committee is to ensure that the code of medical ethics is adhered to at all times by hospitals and the care team. According to George D. Pozgar, (2012), ethics is a p art of philosophy that looks to make known the nature, determinations, defense and the founding principles of moral rules and the systems they comprise (p. 368). There are four pillars to health care; maleficence, beneficence, justice, and autonomy. First, maleficence deals with the care giver not causing the patient harm. Secondly, beneficence deals with showing kindness, compassion, and doing well to help others. Thirdly, autonomy deals with a patient having the sole right to make decisions about his/her medical care. Finally, justice deals the facility being fair in their risks and management when dealing with patients. According to the Patient Self Determination Act of 1990, ethically, and legally a patient has the right to choose their course of medical care. This of course is interpreted as no matter what a family member would like to see as an outcome for the patient, nor what the doctor deems as right; it is the patient’s sole right to determine their fate. This means the patient is responsible for choosing how they desire to spend their last days, continue a course of treatment or discontinue it. All advance directives put in place by the patient are governed by the courts of law and statutory. Each hospital facility

Interventions Of Separation Anxiety Disorder - 1046 Words

Interventions of Separation Anxiety Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most common anxiety disorders in preadolescent children and can cause serious distress in a child’s life. Having separation anxiety disorder in childhood can significantly increase the chances of internalizing problems and other anxiety disorders. Unfortunately, because separation anxiety is common in children it is hard to determine if the behaviors the children are displaying are atypical. Although there are various types of treatment options for SAD, parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) can be extremely helpful particularly in the school system as teachers can adopt the same techniques using teacher-child interaction therapy (TCIT). Therefore, the child is not only receiving treatment at home, their treatment is consistent at school. PCIT has proved to be an efficient and popular treatment for SAD, which will be outlined and confirmed in this paper through analysis of PCIT and TCIT. Parent-Child Interaction Therapy PCIT focuses on the idea that improving the parent-child interaction will lead to improvements in child and family’s functioning (Pincus, Eyberg, Choate, 2005) that have been impaired due to SAD. Parent’s responses to their child’s anxiety allows for the continuation of the disorder. PCIT teaches parents new response methods and improves attachment in result that the child will be able to separate without distress. There are two phases to Parent-Child InteractionShow MoreRelatedSeparation Of Separation Anxiety Disorder1312 Words   |  6 Pages Separation Anxiety Disorder Folasade Oyekoya Bowie State University â€Æ' Abstracts: Sam has a separation anxiety disorder; Separation Anxiety is a normal stage of life that fade at a certain stage, it becomes a disorder when it persist in individual under 18 for at least four weeks and for the adult for over six month or more. It’s becomes a disorder that causes distress for a child or teenager when separating from the parent or care giver. This can affect the child development andRead MoreEssay about Separation Anxiety Disorder Among Children and Adolescents 1320 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious symptoms of Separation Anxiety Disorder among children and adolescents, the refusal of children diagnosed with Separation Anxiety Disorder to go to school, and the treatments that are used to treat this disorder. Studies have shown that Separation Anxiety Disorder is the third most common anxiety disorder among children. Symptoms are fairly easy to recognize, but must be addressed quickly. Refusal to go to school is one of the most significant consequences of this disor der. Treatments are beingRead MoreThe Behavior Modification Helps A Child With Separation Anxiety Behaviors And A Company Owner1104 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction ABA offers many techniques to help people overcome and/or deal with everyday activities such as helping someone to quit smoking, help with building relationships, personality disorders and the ability to express one’s self. ABA when applied to children will address the child’s life in areas that include; social skills, cognitive skills, self-help, play and motor skills, and behavioral needs. ABA in the workplace can be used to increase desired behaviors and decrease undesired behaviorsRead MoreAdolescents And Adolescent Multiethnic Populations : Challenges And Opportunities For Enhancing Knowledge And Practice1148 Words   |  5 PagesAnxiety in Children Cooley, M. R., Boyce, C. A. (2004). An introduction to assessing anxiety in child and adolescent multiethnic populations: Challenges and opportunities for enhancing knowledge and practice. Journal of Clinical Child Adolescent Psychology, 33(2), 210-215. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3302_1 This article is an introduction to the larger project titled â€Å"Assessing Anxiety in Child and Adolescent Multiethnic Populations†. Cooley and Boyce (2004) present an overview of anxiety symptomsRead MoreSeparation Anxiety Disorders And Children Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pages Separation Anxiety Disorders in Parents and Children Christa Conrad Antelope Valley College Introduction to Psychology - PSY101 Professor Laurel Johnson Monday, November 14, 2016 Abstract The differences between Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and the similar disorder, Attachment Anxiety Disorder, were examined to show that the disorders are alike. The causes of Separation Anxiety Disorder and the symptoms in which a child could be diagnosed were discussed. Following that, theRead MoreSchizophrenia/Psychosis/Life Span948 Words   |  4 Pagesdisordered thinking become the norm. Hansell and Damour (2005) states: Psychosis is a state of being profoundly out of touch with reality. Psychotic individuals may experience hallucinations and/ or delusions (p.393). Psychosis can occur in many mental disorders, and is most frequently associated with schizophrenia (p.398). Hansell and Damour (2005) also states: The effort to define what constitutes psychological normality and abnormality in developing children has given a rise to field within abnormalRead MoreReflection On Separation Anxiety Disorder1315 Words   |  6 Pagesleaving them for good and cause anxiety in the child. The anxiety starts to develop as the child is continually separated from their loved ones and thus develops into separation anxiety. Separation anxiety disorder (SAD), as defined by Christopher A. Kearney in the article Separation Anxiety Disorder in Young Children, refers to developmentally appropriate distress regarding separation from significant others. Most young children can regulate their distress after separation, but young children who cannotRead MoreSeparation Anxiety And Its Effects On Children1560 Words   |  7 Pagesexample of separation anxiety, a developmental phase that most children go through during their early years. Separation anxiety is most likely to occur in child with a family history of anxiety/depression, child who are shy, children who have a lack of appropriate parental interaction, and overprotective parents. Separation anxiety is one of the most common anxiety disorders in children affecting one out of twenty. It is a developmental stage during which the child experiences anxiety when separatedRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1734 Words   |  7 PagesAustralian figures of a burden of the disease show that mental health problems occur in approximately 14% of young people aged 4–17 years, and 27 % in the 18–24-year-old age range. Most mental disorders, for example, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), anxiety disorder, mood disorder, psychotic disorder, begin during youth 12–24 years of age, although they are often first detected later in life (Lawrence et al. 2015). Poor mental health is related to other health and development concerns inRead MoreThe Efficacy And Effectiveness Of Social Anxiety790 Words   |  4 PagesThe substantial evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of CBT is based primarily on studies looking at †Å"standard† CBT interventions, which typically consist of 11- 18 weekly sessions. In general, the field of psychotherapy has been shifting toward brief, more intensive approaches in order to reach more patients and become more cost-effective (Ost and Ollendick 2017). Further, recent studies have suggested that for exposure to be maximally effective, it should be delivered in sessions that are

Childhood memory Essay Example For Students

Childhood memory Essay I have many exciting and eventful memories from my childhood. But one of the most vivid and close to my heart is the times I spend with my grandparents and cousins during the summer when I was a young. These memories will forever stay close to my heart as my grandparents have both since died. A granny is someone who is always there for you, even when it feels like the whole world is against you or when you are in trouble. They never shout and scream always listen and they will always love you like there own children, this is a love that is unconditional. From I was a child my parents worked long hours and my granny was always there to support them. The feelings of love and security I got when I was with my granny were incredible. I am going to tell you about some of the most memorable times from this period of my life. Wouldnt you give anything to be innocent and uncorrupted by societies views and stereotypes again? The innocence of being young is something we do not appreciate until you are faced with deadlines and responsibilities of growing up. These memories are of pure bliss and are taken from the only period in your life in which you are free. I grew up in portrush in a small house in Brooklyn place but as my grand parents got older we moved closer to them in fact just up the road. Every day my dad would go to work and leave me at my grannies on the way. There I would eat my breakfast and prepare to go to school with my two cousins. I would return after school to watch television and chill-out. I loved it there, so as you can guess when the summer came I was incredibly excited. The summer is every Childs euphoria two whole months of freedom, fun and of course if you live in portrush sun and sand, well maybe not so much sun as sand. On the warm summer July mornings I would walk down the road to my grandparents house and would be greeted by the smell of warm toast and the aroma of a cup of warm tea. After breakfast the television would be turned on and my granny would go out and do a couple of hours work for an old butcher who lived up the street. When the TV went on, the fighting commenced. Give it to me! we would all scream in desperation not to miss a minute of are favourite shows. The screaming would wake my irritable grandfather. My granddad was a lovely man but not the sort you would want to wake in the morning as he would venture downstairs to tell us of and then proceed to behave fecetiously. Waking him would also mean sacrificing the television not something any of us wanted to do. From we were young my younger cousin Louise and  I built up and especially close friendship we were always there for each other. Whereas my older cousin and me would always fight, this usually ending up with me smacking him in the face and starting what seemed like world war three to us. This ultimately would end in one of use getting hit with a flying marble or getting stabbed with a pen. This rioting would ultimately end up in a rush to the kitchen to tell our wonderfully exaggerated tales to granny. In the afternoon we would be far less boisterous as my granny was home. She had a wonderful way of always keeping us out of trouble however innocent it might have seemed at the time. On her arrival home she would have a bag of goodies, these were rationed out for good behaviour and eating all of our dinner. No matter how hard we looked we could never find the treasure. When you are a child treasure is chocolate, I can remember eating a bar of chocolate and feeling a buzz, that as a young adult you can only compare to the rush you fell when you re doing something incredible dangerous. .u4178c2e1afcab19443f42c7910993874 , .u4178c2e1afcab19443f42c7910993874 .postImageUrl , .u4178c2e1afcab19443f42c7910993874 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4178c2e1afcab19443f42c7910993874 , .u4178c2e1afcab19443f42c7910993874:hover , .u4178c2e1afcab19443f42c7910993874:visited , .u4178c2e1afcab19443f42c7910993874:active { border:0!important; } .u4178c2e1afcab19443f42c7910993874 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4178c2e1afcab19443f42c7910993874 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4178c2e1afcab19443f42c7910993874:active , .u4178c2e1afcab19443f42c7910993874:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4178c2e1afcab19443f42c7910993874 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4178c2e1afcab19443f42c7910993874 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4178c2e1afcab19443f42c7910993874 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4178c2e1afcab19443f42c7910993874 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4178c2e1afcab19443f42c7910993874:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4178c2e1afcab19443f42c7910993874 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4178c2e1afcab19443f42c7910993874 .u4178c2e1afcab19443f42c7910993874-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4178c2e1afcab19443f42c7910993874:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Name Of War EssayOne of the things I remember the most, are the many contraptions we would strive to build. These seemed like massive undertakings for a couple of children like us and looking back they were. One day it would be a go-cart and the next a small wooden hut, the list was endless. These projects would almost always certainly end in failure for us, but to avoid having to witness our innocent faces of filled with failure granddad would undertake the challenge of building them from our simplistic plans. I will treasure these memories till the day I die. Nothing in my life will ever come close to the happiness I felt. As you get older life just deteriates into a spiral set out by todays society this only consists of stupid pettty laws and the idea you can never be good enough to meet the expectations of other people. Childhood is the only time in your life when you are not degraded and demoralised by people who think they are above you.

DC Power Supply Design

Question: Describe about the DC Power Supply Design? Answer: Introduction In this project, we have designed a power supply to convert standard UK mains AC supply to a 12V DC supply. The input voltage is 240V AC, which corresponds to a RMS value to 325V. Emitter Resistance concept of Transistor Model The transistor is used to stabilise the DC output voltage. This stabilisation is achieved by the use of an Emitter Resistance which provides the required amount of automatic biasing needed for a common emitter amplifier. This is the most used transistor configuration, which is also called common emitter transistor. Here, a large amount of current flows into the base of the transistor. The voltage divider circuit thus formed, is responsible for the stability. The emitter resistance provides more stability. This addition helps transistor to control the base bias using negative feedback. The DC negative feedback provides stable biasing. The AC negative feedback signal transconductance and voltage gain specifications. Sometimes, emitter bypass capacitor is also attached in the circuit, in parallel with emitter resistance, to break the frequency response of the circuit at a designated cut-off frequency. Here, the Emitter is not grounded, but kept at a small potential to provide the stability. VB = VE + VBE Emitter Resistance Current is given by, IE = (VB VBE)/RE By following this design concept, we make sure that the desired value to current is not exceeded in the load resistance in our circuit. Circuit Design and Simulation We have designed the desired circuit by using the components specified and following the emitter resistance concept. A small resistance of 10 Ohm has been added after the AC supply to protect our circuit from surge and our transformer. We see after simulations that diode breakdown voltages are never reached in the circuit, so diodes are protected. As we need a voltage output of about 12V DC, we use a 20:1 step down transformer, as can been seen by the inductor value of the transformer windings. After four diode drops, its gives a voltage of about 13.5V DC. The simulations under full load and no load conditions are depicted below with screenshots of the simulation on LTSpice. Fig. Circuit designed on LTSpice Calculations Calculation for the type of transformer 325V has to be brought down to 12V, with 4 diodes connected in the circuit, each with a drop of 0.7V. Keep a decent margin of about 1.5V above 12V required: 325/20 4 x 0.7 = 13.34V Calculation for Emitter Resistance Concept on Full Load RE = 500 Ohms VBE = 1V VB = 13.45V Thus, IE = 0.025A On no load condition, the current would be about 4A, or just a little less. To be 4A current exact, the load should be 3.3625 Ohms. Ripple The ripple (peak to peak) under maximum load = I/ (2fC) = 0.2V (as current decreases to a great amount in full load). Simulation Screenshots Simulation on full load: From above simulation, we see that the design requirements have been met. By this simulation, we see that about 1V difference occurs between full load and no load conditions. The voltage surge is efficiently prevented by the capacitance. Real Components for the Circuit As we have incorporated the values of all the components to be exact as the standard components available, the real components are same as the components being used in the circuit. The list of components are: 1. AC Supply SocketAvailable at the lab.2. Resistors: 10 Ohm, 10k Ohm, 5 OhmThey are standard value, can be bought from eBay at $0.5 each. Total cost: $1.53. Transformer (20:1)Can be bought online from about $35 from Amazon.com. The rating of voltage and current are as per our requirements. 4. 4 diode (1N4148)Can be bought from (https://www.mouser.in/ProductDetail/Fairchild-Semiconductor/1N4148/?qs=i4Fj9T%2FoRm8RMUhj5DeFQg%3D%3D) at $0.10 each. Total part cost: $0.505. Zener diode Can be bought from (https://www.mouser.in/ProductDetail/Micro-Commercial-Components-MCC/SMBJ5338B-TP/?qs=sGAEpiMZZMtQ8nqTKtFS%2fKiApRWFN7sOvQgw3Qc04zk%3d) at $0.806. Capacitors: 0.1uF and 5000uFCan be bought from eBay at $0.50 each. Total part cost: $17. NPN transistorCan be bought from (https://www.ebay.com/itm/100Pcs-2N3904-TO-92-NPN-General-Purpose-Transistor-/140846122431) at $1.56.8. Heat sinkIt is inbuilt for the transformer. For transistor, can be bought from (https://www.mouser.in/ProductDetail/Aavi d-Thermalloy/577404B00000G/?qs=sGAEpiMZZMttgyDkZ5WiuqcEpFN0QqoQKaPGubZmWpo%3d) at $0.82. Thus, the total cost of the project implementation is: $41.18 (approx.) Power Dissipation Power Dissipation in the transformer = 65W (maximum value) Power Dissipation in the transistor = 48W (maximum value) Thus, by using a proper heat sink, the temperature can be kept in control. The details about heat sink to be used has been attached with the list of the real components to be used. The heat sink used with the transformer is inbuilt, whereas those for the transistor should be externally mounted. Result and Conclusion The power supply has been designed successfully in LTSpice, which meet all our requirements, as seen from the simulations. The costing of the components used have been mentioned. The emitter resistance concept to stabilise the output has been implemented successfully. It gives a negative feedback to provide a stable current. An additional resistance has been added just after the voltage supply, before the transformer to prevent transformer from damage. This resistance have no negative effect on the circuit further. The real components have been identified, and as the components implemented in the circuit are available as it is in the market, no circuit changes has to be done according to it in the simulation software LTSpice. The price of real components have been mentioned (approximated value), and a total cost of the project if implemented on hardware, has been generated. References Amos S W James M R (1999). Principles of Transistor Circuits. Butterworth-Heinemann. Horowitz, Paul Hill, Winfield (1989). The Art of Electronics. Cambridge University Press. Warnes, Lionel (1998). Analogue and Digital Electronics. Macmillan Press Ltd. D. Renmore (1980). Silicon Chips and You. Wiley-IEEE Press. Complete Guide to Semiconductor Devices, 2nd Edition. Lilienfeld, Julius Edgar, "Method and apparatus for controlling electric current" U.S. Patent 1,745,175 January 28, 1930 (filed in Canada 1925-10-22, in US 1926-10-08). "Amplifier For Electric Currents". United States Patent and Trademark Office. Bell Laboratories (1983). S. Millman, ed. A History of Engineering and Science in the Bell System, Physical Science (1925-1980). ATT Bell Laboratories. p. 102. David Bodanis (2005). Electric Universe. 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